Rough Green Snake
(Opheodrys aestivus)
Habitat: Arboreal
    Adult Size: 2-3 feet  Native To: Southeast US  Lifespan: up to 15 years

Did You Know:

  • The rough green snake has beautiful coloration, featuring an iridescent green top, yellow underside and bright red tongue.

  • When excited rough green snakes take on a blue tint, making them appear almost turquoise.

  • The small, attractive rough green snake is a good climber and accomplished swimmer.

The material below is a general guideline, and is not intended to serve as your sole source of pet care information. Visit a veterinarian trained in caring for reptiles and consult a broad range of literature to ensure that your pet receives adequate care.
 

What You Should Know About Rough Green Snakes

They're Small By Snake Standards:

Hatchlings are between 4 and 7 inches long. An adult
rough green snake will be between two and three-and-a-half feet, although some might be slightly larger. This, along with their slender bodies, makes them one of the smallest pet
snakes. Females are usually larger than males.

They Have A Relatively Short Lifespan:

There are reports of rough green snakes living 15 years in captivity. However, a lifespan in the single digits (6-8 years) is more common.

Enclosure:
Tall Enclosures Are Appreciated:

Since rough green snakes like to climb, they should have a tall enclosure (3-feet high) with climbing branches. These snakes do well when housed together. A 30-gallon capacity tank can hold up to three green snakes. Green snakes are inquisitive and will escape from their enclosure given half the chance, so tank covers should be very secure.

Plants Instead Of Hide Boxes: Snakes like to have quiet areas where they can get away
from it all. However, unlike most species that are satisfied with a simple hide box or two, green snakes prefer to be given green foliage that they can blend in with when they hide.
This greenery can be provided in the form of live plants like philodendrons or the plastic variety, which is easier to clean. The greenery can take up to half of the green snake’s enclosure.

Humidity:
Ventilation And Humidity Are Important:

Green snakes need slightly humid conditions, so their cage should be misted once or twice a day with clean chlorine-free water. However, the air in their enclosure should never be allowed to become damp and dank. Adequate air circulation is essential to their health. Caution: never position a snake's enclosure near a window.

Diet:
Soft Bodied Insects Make Up Their Meals
:

The green snake's diet can pose a challenge to the inexperienced snake keeper. To maintain its health, a green snake needs a varied diet of different insects, such as moths, spiders, crickets, grasshoppers, and occasional mealworms. (Feeding mealworms too often can cause impaction, due to their hard exoskeletons.) Crickets often make up the bulk of their diet. Before being fed to the green snakes, crickets should be dusted with a nutritional supplement, or "gut loaded" by being fed iguana or bearded dragon pellets, mixed with floating turtle sticks and cut up carrots or collard greens. It's a good idea to place live insects in the enclosure in a wide-mouthed bowl or container. Uneaten insects should be removed from the enclosure. Rough green snakes should be fed 1-2 times a week. Offer about 12 crickets per meal for adults and 6 appropriately sized crickets for juveniles. Important -- It is necessary to provide calcium and vitamin supplements as part of the diet. Please read the supplement section below:

Supplements:

Dust insects with calcium supplement and vitamin supplement. As a rule, a growing juvenile's food should be dusted more often than an adult's. Consult product labels and outside literature for specific instructions on supplementing. Avoid over-supplementing.

The best specific schedule may vary depending on the supplement products used and other factors. Please consult product package directions, outside literature and a veterinarian to determine the optimal supplementing program.

A NOTE ABOUT WATER: All water given to this pet for drinking, as well as water used for misting, soaking or bathing must be 100% free of chlorine and heavy metals. (Not all home water filtration systems remove 100% of the chlorine and heavy metals from tap water, so check your system's specifications before using it to filter water for your pet.) We recommend that you use unflavored bottled drinking water or bottled natural spring water and never untreated tap water. If tap water is used, you should treat it with a dechlorinating treatment or allow it to stand for at least 24 hours before being introduced to the pet's enclosure to allow the chlorine to escape. Do not use distilled water, which can cause severe medical problems, since it lacks minerals that are essential to important body functions.
Water Should Be Provided In Two Ways:  A bowl of chlorine-free water that is deep enough for the snake to submerge itself should always be in the enclosure. Rough green snakes will immerse themselves in this bowl. They will also drink water from the droplets misted on the leaves of the enclosure's plants
Temperature:
They Like Moderate Temperatures
:
The temperature gradient in a rough green snake's enclosure should range from a "cooling area" of about 70F to a warmer area of around 80F. Care should be taken not to overheat the enclosure. A basking area with slightly warmer temperatures can be created during the day using a heat lamp or ceramic
emitter controlled by a thermostat to keep it from overheating. A heat pad placed under one-third of the tank can also be used to maintain the desired ambient temperatures. (The
pad can be turned off or down when the basking lamp is on.) Thermometers should be placed one inch over the substrate in the cooling area and basking spot. Never use a heat
rock, since it can burn the skin of a rough green snake. Important - see the Note About Day/Night Light Cycles and Heating below.
Lighting:
Supplemental UV Fluorescent Lighting Essential:
Unlike many snakes, which are nocturnal or most active at dawn and dusk, the rough green snake is diurnal (most active
in the day). As a result, exposure to supplemental UVB fluorescent light is essential.
Green Snakes should be exposed to supplemental UVB light 10-12 hours a day, using a fluorescent bulb designed for snake enclosures. Lighting should be left on for 12 hours a day, a little more in the summer, less in the winter. Do not leave lighting on all day, since this will cause undue stress. Important - see the Note About Day/Night Light Cycles and Heating below.

Note About Day/Night Light Cycles and Heating:

All reptiles, including this pet, must have distinct day and night periods in their enclosure to maintain their biological rhythms. (See the lighting entry above for the specific length of this animal’s day/night cycle.) The day period must be light; and night must be dark. A timer should be used to set day/night periods. If a heat source is required to maintain correct nighttime temperatures, use heat mats or strips mounted below or on the side of the tank, infrared heat lamps, ceramic heat emitters, or a combination of these products. This will allow the enclosure to be heated while remaining dark. Follow directions carefully with all products. If ceramic heat emitters are used always choose fixtures with porcelain or ceramic sockets and to protect against fires do not place them by dry wood or flammable fabrics. Ceramic heat emitters must be kept out of the reach of children and all pets, including dogs and cats.

Substrate:
Their Substrate Should Stand Up To Misting
:

Since the rough green snake's enclosure will be misted once or twice a day, it's important to select a substrate that will
not become a moist breeding ground for bacteria. Paper substrates, such as unprinted newspaper and paper towels are good, because they can be readily discarded and
replaced. Indoor/outdoor carpeting is also good because it resists moisture. Another reason to avoid chips and shavings is that they can easily be ingested by this small insect eating
snake at mealtime.


How to Handle A Rough Green Snake:
Lift a rough green snake gently with steady relaxed motions, placing one hand under the snake about one-third the way down its body, and the other hand under at about the two thirds mark. Green snakes tend to be shy and may be reluctant to be handled. Many will calm down and accept handling after a while, but others will always be resistive. In such cases, these snakes should be handled only when necessary. Never hold a rough green snake close to your face. A snake that has just eaten, is getting ready to shed or is actually shedding should not be handled. Always wash your hands thoroughly after
handling a snake.


Look Out For This:

Naturally shy, the rough green snake typically does not like to be picked up. It can wiggle and squirm emphatically; this coupled with its delicate physique makes it wise to keep handling the green snake to a minimum.

 

Bright Idea:
Increase the humidity level in a snake’s enclosure during the shedding period. You can tell when a snake is ready to shed its skin because its eyes will have a milky look, and its scales will become duller. A few days after you observe this, shedding will occur. When shedding begins, humidity
levels should be increased. Complications during shedding and incomplete sheds are typically caused by insufficient humidity. You can raise humidity by misting the cage or adding a humidity box. A humidity box is a snake safe container lined with moist moss or paper towels that has an access hole cut into it to allow a snake to enter. (Use chlorine-free water to moisten material in humidity box.) Rough Green Snakes should not be handled when they are shedding.

 


Recommended Rough Green Snake Supplies:

  • A tall enclosure with a secure cover

  • Heat Mat

  • Heat lamp

  • A rheostat or thermostat to control heat mats

  • Thermometers

  • UVB light source

  • Substrate

  • Logs or other items for hiding areas

  • Spill-resistant water bowl

  • Crickets